Neurodegenerative Processes as a Result of Infectious Agent Exposure and the Potential for Therapeutic Development

Abstract Neurodegenerative diseases, characterized by irreversible decline in cognitive function, attract significant attention from researchers. Based on their symptomatic and pathophysiological features, these diseases are classified into several main groups, with Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and Huntington’s diseases being the most prevalent. Since the key effector (initiator) of the pathological process remains unknown for most of these conditions, multiple alternative hypotheses attempt to explain their mechanisms. This review presents the infectious origin hypothesis of neurodegenerative diseases and the current state of supporting evidence. The strengths and weaknesses of this hypothesis were discussed, and based on the proposed etiology, existing therapeutic approaches were outlined, along with potential methods for their improvement. For instance, the use of broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents demonstrated low efficacy, highlighting the need for the development of more targeted, specialized, and advanced treatments.