Relationship between vital capacity and upper limb strength in patients with allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis with comorbidities of diabetes mellitus and hypertension

Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) is a chronic inflammatory pulmonary disorder that may impair lung function and physical performance. Comorbid diabetes mellitus (DM) and hypertension may further contribute to reduced muscular strength and functional capacity. This study aimed to determine the relationship between vital capacity and upper limb strength in patients with ABPA and comorbid DM and hypertension. A cross-sectional observational study was conducted among 100 patients aged 47–57 years. Forced vital capacity (FVC) was assessed using spirometry, handgrip strength was measured using a dynamometer, and upper limb functional performance was evaluated using the arm curl test. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants. The reported findings demonstrated significant positive correlations between FVC, handgrip strength, and arm curl performance. Age, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), and duration of diabetes showed significant negative correlations with functional outcomes. The findings suggest that reduced vital capacity is associated with diminished upper limb performance in patients with ABPA and cardiometabolic comorbidities. Comprehensive cardiopulmonary assessment and individualised physiotherapy rehabilitation may help address functional limitations and improve physical capacity. Further longitudinal studies are needed to establish causality and evaluate rehabilitation outcomes.