Turk's head knots with at least three leads and three bights are not perfectly straight

Owad defined the straight number str(K) of a knot, the least number of crossings of a diagram in which one straight strand meets all crossings, and called K perfectly straight if str(K) equals the crossing number. Di Prisa and Savk asked whether the Turk's head knot Th(p,q) is perfectly straight when p >= 3 and q < p (Problem A of their survey, arXiv:2409.20106). We prove that Th(p,q) is not perfectly straight for all p, q >= 3 with gcd(p,q) = 1. For q < p this answers Problem A when q >= 3; for q > p it is a theorem of Owad, of which we give an independent proof. The proof combines an exact count on the standard diagram (its longest repetition-free run of crossings has length 2q+p-2*floor(q/p)-3, less than the crossing number (p-1)q) with the uniqueness of the shadow of the minimal diagram up to homeomorphism of the sphere, which follows from the flyping theorem. For q = 2 we show, using the two-bridge lemma of a separate note of ours (doi:10.5281/zenodo.23562743) and a theorem of Belousov and Malyutin, that Th(p,2) is perfectly straight for every odd p >= 3. Using that lemma, this answers Problem A for 2 <= q < p: for p >= 3 and 2 <= q < p, Th(p,q) is perfectly straight if and only if q = 2. The proofs use no computer result; the deposit also contains the two scripts of the section 'Checks' and their outputs. STATUS: not refereed. This work was developed in collaboration with the AI system Claude Code (Anthropic): the choice of problem, the direction of the work and the computing hardware are due to the author (a sculptor); the formalisation, the algorithms and the proofs were developed by Claude Code (Anthropic) working with the author. Details are in the section on tool use at the end of the note. Licences: text CC BY 4.0; code GNU General Public License v3.0 or later; data CC BY 4.0.

Authors

Publication Details

Journal
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Published
2026-10-26
DOI
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23659578
Primary Topic
Geometric and Algebraic Topology
Type
preprint
Controls
|||
ALL TIME
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
preprint

Turk's head knots with at least three leads and three bights are not perfectly straight

Werner Alois Stanggassinger
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Geometric and Algebraic Topology
preprint

Turk's head knots with at least three leads and three bights are not perfectly straight

Werner Alois Stanggassinger
preprint en

Abstract

Owad defined the straight number str(K) of a knot, the least number of crossings of a diagram in which one straight strand meets all crossings, and called K perfectly straight if str(K) equals the crossing number. Di Prisa and Savk asked whether the Turk's head knot Th(p,q) is perfectly straight when p >= 3 and q < p (Problem A of their survey, arXiv:2409.20106). We prove that Th(p,q) is not perfectly straight for all p, q >= 3 with gcd(p,q) = 1. For q < p this answers Problem A when q >= 3; for q > p it is a theorem of Owad, of which we give an independent proof. The proof combines an exact count on the standard diagram (its longest repetition-free run of crossings has length 2q+p-2*floor(q/p)-3, less than the crossing number (p-1)q) with the uniqueness of the shadow of the minimal diagram up to homeomorphism of the sphere, which follows from the flyping theorem. For q = 2 we show, using the two-bridge lemma of a separate note of ours (doi:10.5281/zenodo.23562743) and a theorem of Belousov and Malyutin, that Th(p,2) is perfectly straight for every odd p >= 3. Using that lemma, this answers Problem A for 2 <= q < p: for p >= 3 and 2 <= q < p, Th(p,q) is perfectly straight if and only if q = 2. The proofs use no computer result; the deposit also contains the two scripts of the section 'Checks' and their outputs. STATUS: not refereed. This work was developed in collaboration with the AI system Claude Code (Anthropic): the choice of problem, the direction of the work and the computing hardware are due to the author (a sculptor); the formalisation, the algorithms and the proofs were developed by Claude Code (Anthropic) working with the author. Details are in the section on tool use at the end of the note. Licences: text CC BY 4.0; code GNU General Public License v3.0 or later; data CC BY 4.0.

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Geometric and Algebraic Topology
AI Navigator

Ask Laika to Summarize, Analyze, and Connect papers live on the map.

Summarize Papers & Methodologies

Extract key findings, datasets, and comparative methods across publications.

Benchmark Rankings & Visual Analytics

Rank top research institutions, authors, funders, topics, and journals by Field-Weighted Citation Impact (FWCI) and paper volume with instant charts.

Connect Distant Disciplines

Bridge topological clusters on the map to find hidden collaborative intersections.

Laika access coming soon