Biochar-Enhanced Cementitious Materials: Influence of Feedstock and Production Parameters in Cement Properties

Including biochar in cement-based materials has recently been proposed to enhance mechanical properties and at the same time contribute to carbon capture in construction. However, biochar efficiency in cement composites is a function of the biomass type, the production process, and the properties of the produced biochar. This paper presents a detailed study of the effects of biochar production parameters on the structural and functional properties of biochar, with a special focus on the pyrolysis temperature. The selection of raw biomasses affects the specific surface area, pore structure, and chemical activity of biochar. This review aims to examine the effects of biochar addition on the compressive and flexural strength, and thermal stability of cementitious composites. The results indicate that optimal biochar dosages (in the range of 1–5% by weight of cement) are capable of enhancing the quality of concrete and decreasing the emission of greenhouse gases. However, there are some gaps in the current research, such as the requirement for standardized biochar production methods and the lack of information on the durability of the developed composites for long-term use in real construction projects. By filling in these gaps, this study hopes to guide future investigations and real-world uses of biochar in the production of resilient, low-carbon, and sustainable building materials.