Multiplex Visualization of Oncoproteins in Cancer Organoids by Wide-Range NIR-to-Visible Lanthanide Emission

In line with the Food and Drug Administration's (FDA's) initiative to reduce, refine, and potentially replace animal testing in drug development through New Approach Methodologies, including toxicity testing, cancer organoids are emerging as human-relevant platforms for preclinical drug screening. By enabling direct, quantitative multiplex imaging of multiple protein targets in cell-line-derived organoids, our lanthanide imaging toolkit (LIT) extends analysis from conventional monolayer cultures to physiologically relevant three-dimensional models and offers a scalable tool for mechanistic studies, drug screening, and preclinical development with reduced reliance on animals.