Ethos, Pathos, dan Logos dalam Pidato Muhammad Yamin, Soepomo, dan Soekarno di Sidang BPUPKI 1945

The first session of BPUPKI featured speeches by Muhammad Yamin, Soepomo, and Soekarno on the foundation of an independent Indonesian state. This study aims to compare the textual use of Ethos, Pathos, and Logos in their speeches. Using a descriptive qualitative method and Aristotle’s rhetorical theory, the data were drawn from the Proceedings of the BPUPKI and PPKI Sessions and relevant supporting literature, then examined through qualitative content analysis. The analysis indicates that Muhammad Yamin’s text constructs Ethos through national representation and intellectual references, Pathos through depictions of suffering, sacrifice, and hope, and Logos through historical and causal reasoning. Soepomo’s text emphasizes Ethos through knowledge of state theory and Indonesian social conditions, Pathos through unity, kinship, and mutual cooperation, and Logos through systematic reasoning and theoretical comparison. Soekarno’s text combines Ethos through his positioning in the forum and collective representation, Pathos through repetition and appeals to unity, and Logos through theoretical synthesis, analogy, and conceptual reduction. These findings describe rhetorical strategies present in the texts; they do not establish the actual emotional responses or persuasive effects experienced by session participants.