Beyond Novice to Expert

This article presents a tarot-informed reflective developmental framework that integrates self-reflection, experiential learning, and professional role identity formation using the symbolism of Major Arcana tarot cards to describe nursing career milestones and draws upon Benner's novice-to-expert model and O'Rourke's Professional Role Identity Formation Theory. The cards of the Major Arcana provide archetypal symbols and narrative through which nurses can explore the ethical and professional meaning of their experiences. These archetypes function as catalysts for holistic reflection across the interconnected dimensions of being, becoming, knowing, caring, and wisdom. Tarot imagery can complement journaling, mentorship, ethical reflection, and career development across all stages of nursing practice. Further research must evaluate the framework's acceptability, cultural relevance, and impacts on clinical reasoning, resilience, and job satisfaction. Tarot should be used as a self-reflective prompt rather than divination and not as a substitute for evidence-based clinical judgment, education, or supervision.

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Publication Details

Journal
Holistic Nursing Practice
Published
2026-10-26
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1097/hnp.0000000000000813
Primary Topic
Nursing education and management
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
0.00
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article

Beyond Novice to Expert

Cecelia L. Crawford
Holistic Nursing Practice
Nursing education and management
article

Beyond Novice to Expert

Cecelia L. Crawford
article en

Abstract

This article presents a tarot-informed reflective developmental framework that integrates self-reflection, experiential learning, and professional role identity formation using the symbolism of Major Arcana tarot cards to describe nursing career milestones and draws upon Benner's novice-to-expert model and O'Rourke's Professional Role Identity Formation Theory. The cards of the Major Arcana provide archetypal symbols and narrative through which nurses can explore the ethical and professional meaning of their experiences. These archetypes function as catalysts for holistic reflection across the interconnected dimensions of being, becoming, knowing, caring, and wisdom. Tarot imagery can complement journaling, mentorship, ethical reflection, and career development across all stages of nursing practice. Further research must evaluate the framework's acceptability, cultural relevance, and impacts on clinical reasoning, resilience, and job satisfaction. Tarot should be used as a self-reflective prompt rather than divination and not as a substitute for evidence-based clinical judgment, education, or supervision.

Holistic Nursing Practice
Kaiser Permanente (US)
Openalex Percentile: Top 9%
Nursing education and management
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Beyond Novice to Expert — Cecelia L. Crawford · Holistic Nursing Practice (2026) | TGRS Research Map | TGRS