Predictors of Shingles Vaccine Hesitancy and Potential Interventions: Findings from a Cross-Sectional Study in Makkah.

Background: Vaccination uptake for shingles remains low in many populations, influenced by various demographic, social, and psychological factors. Objectives: The study aimed to assess the relationship between demographic variables and vaccination status, evaluate participants' awareness of the shingles vaccine, identify barriers to vaccination, and simulate intervention strategies to predict their potential impact on vaccination uptake. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study design was employed, utilizing a convenience sample of 385 participants aged 18 and older from healthcare facilities and community centers in Makkah. Data were collected through a structured self-administered questionnaire covering demographics, vaccination status, awareness levels, barriers to vaccination, and sentiments related to the vaccine. Descriptive and inferential statistics, including chi-square tests, multivariate logistic regression, and cluster analysis, were used to analyze the data. Results: The study found that 15% of participants had received the shingles vaccine, while 85% had not. High levels of vaccine awareness correlated significantly with vaccination status. Common barriers to vaccination included lack of knowledge (50%), cost (25%), and the belief that individuals were not at risk for shingles (20%). Multivariate regression analysis identified doctor recommendation, awareness level, and cultural beliefs as significant predictors of vaccination willingness. Cluster analysis revealed distinct groups based on barriers, with those facing cultural barriers and lacking awareness showing the lowest likelihood of vaccination. Intervention simulations suggested that combining awareness campaigns with doctor recommendations would yield the highest predicted vaccination rates. Conclusion: The study highlights the crucial role of awareness and healthcare provider recommendations in increasing vaccination uptake.