Enhancing Antibiotic Sensitivity Through Sonication: Evaluating the Synergistic Effect on Local Pathogenic Bacteria

Bacterial resistance poses a significant global threat to both human and animal health, necessitating innovative strategies to combat antibiotic-resistant infections. 100 pathogenic bacterial isolates were collected from various clinical samples obtained from local hospital in Baghdad. Identification and diagnosis of bacterial isolates based on common morphological and cultural characteristics, while confirmation performed using the Vitek II system the assessment of Antibiotic susceptibility using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method were employed in this study. Sonication using a low frequency 20 kHz probe treated the bacterial suspension for 60 minutes were done. 1 mL were collected at different time intervals (0,5,10, 15,30, and 60 minutes) were withdrawn. After that a stock of common antibiotic (100 mg/mL) of Ceftriaxone, Cefepime, Chloramphenicol, Tetracycline, Gentamicin, and Ciprofloxacin were applied, then different working solutions with final conc.(25, 50 , 100 µg/mL) were prepared. And mixed with the sonicated samples. The impact of sonication on bacterial susceptibility was evaluated using the well diffusion method, with each experiment including positive control. The inhibition zone (I.Z.) was measured to determine antibiotic effectiveness. The antibiotic susceptibility test showed high resistance among bacterial isolates to several antibiotics, including Ceftriaxone, Cefotaxime, Cefepime, Tetracycline, Gentamicin, Ciprofloxacin, Trimethoprim, Imipenem, Meropenem, Nitrofurantoin, Amoxicillin/Clavulanic Acid, and Piperacillin. However, following sonication, antibiotic-resistant bacteria exhibited increased sensitivity. For, Morganella morganii exposure to Ciprofloxacin (50 µg/mL) resulted in a 30 mm inhibition zone after 60 minutes, while Cefotaxime (100 µg/mL) produced a 32 mm inhibition zone. Similarly, Klebsilla. pneumoniae showed sensitivity to Cefepime, Ciprofloxacin, and Ceftriaxone, with inhibition zones of 38 mm and 30 mm at 100 µg/mL, respectively. Streptococcus pyogenes demonstrated enhanced sensitivity to Tetracycline (100 µg/mL, I.Z. 40 mm) and Chloramphenicol (100 µg/mL, I.Z. 38 mm). Additionally, Gentamicin-treated Strept. pyogenes exhibited inhibition zones of 40 mm at both 50 and 100 µg/mL after 60 minutes of sonication.Top of Form