Before the Battle Dressing Station: Lessons From the Russo-Japanese War and the Origins of Point-of-Injury Care at Sea

Abstract At the turn of the 20th century, naval physicians Raymond Spear and William C. Braisted served as Bureau of Medicine and Surgery (BUMED) medical observers during the Russo-Japanese War. Their observations highlighted protected treatment spaces and limitations of first aid during combat, informing efforts to improve casualty care at sea.