Melanopic Control with an Amber Primary in RGB OLED Displays: Spectral Limits, Observer Metamerism and Model-Free Calibration — An Open Computational Study

A display with more than three primaries can render one colour with spectra of different melanopic content; multi-primary displays with yellow or cyan channels have already been used experimentally for this. This open computational study analyses the limits of the approach for an RGB OLED with one added amber primary. Using official CIE tables and an individual-observer model, it quantifies the spectral core (61% mel-DER reduction at 2200 K for Gaussian emitters, 33–62% with vibronic shapes, with the floor set mainly by the blue emitter tail), inter-observer metamerism, and model-free personal calibration. One colour match measures the observer’s metamer direction; three interior matches reduce the simulated median colour difference to 0.87 ΔE00 and transfer to held-out white points. The study also establishes mathematical bounds for field-robust metamers. No physical display measurements or human-subject experiments are reported. Experimental tests are proposed. Open code and data are provided for reproducibility. AI assistance is disclosed in the manuscript. Vladislav Shilnikov is the sole human author responsible for the work.