Financial Accounting, Mercantile Contracts, and Cadastres in Pre-Roman Hispania (Complete English Edition, Monographs I–IV): Arithmetic Equations, Roman Cadastral Homology (Forma Censualis), Property & Partnership Law (iunstir, laku), Syntactic-Morph

Complete English Edition (Monographs I to IV and Automated Corpus Translation Dataset) of the research series "Contabilidad financiera, contratos mercantiles y catastros en la Hispania prerromana (I–IV)". - Monograph I (Spanish DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.23610040): Exact arithmetic equations on Iberian lead plaques and amphorae (11 + 9 = 20 in Los Villares V, V.07.01; 2 + 6 = 8 in Yátova II, V.13.02; 1 + 3 = 4 in Vieille-Toulouse, HGA.01), accounting operators (eka vs. bobaitinba; ko -> l -> ti; bale), cloned debt clauses in Pech Maho (AUD.05.35–36a lekáŕ-śoŕ), and formal proof via the fractional morpheme -erter ('half', 1/2) that baśir / baśur / bas denotes a divisible rural estate (baśir-erter, eŕte-baś-ká = dimidia pars fundi).- Monograph II (Spanish DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.23612742): Typology of rural estates (baśir/baseŕ, baśur/uŕké-bas, aŕeka vs. eŕeko, oŕtor/ortin/orti, and stockyard complexes bari-koŕta-ŕi-koŕta-stena matching Celtiberian stena : kortika in the Botorrita Bronzes) in the light of Ulpian's Roman Forma Censualis (Digest 50.15.4), verification of the 6 + 2 = 8 equation in Alcoy VI (A.04.06a–b), agro-pastoral taxation (akari / aker / okar in Macastre V.17.02), and the alphabetic origin of registration deeds (kutu / kutur / gudu) from the Cerdanya script order ku-tu- (GI.01.01c).- Monograph III (Spanish DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.23614006): Institutional resolution of iunstir / neitin : iunstir as the Dominical Owner (Dominus fundi: municipal iŕi-ká vs. owner iunstiri-ká in CS.21.07; 1st person iunsir-ḿi 'I am the owner'; and the Ger boundary rock GI.01.03), partnership and 50% sharecropping contracts (laku / lakun = socius; laku-eŕter-ḿi), post-mortem settlement of the deceased partner (laku-iltuń = socius defunctus in T.07.01, Dig. 17.2.65.9), mercantile deposit offices (baite / baiteski, CS.14.01 baités-ban-iekáŕ-se), wine amphora labels (binuki : ko : s), and bilateral debt settlements (ban-ite vs. ni-te in Ullastret B.11.01).- Monograph IV & Complete Dataset (Spanish DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.23617695): The Greco-Iberian script of Alcoy (A.04.01a–b, A.04.02) as a phonetic Rosetta Stone revealing voiced stops G and D (kutu -> gudu, biteŕ -> bidiŕ/bidudenin, baite -> baida, iltun -> ildu, lakú-sekén -> legu-śegik, -ke/-te -> -ge/-de), complete syntactic-morphological grammar (ergative SOV order, 10 nominal cases, full declension of the 1st-person pronoun ni: ni, ni-te, ni-ŕ, ni-kin, ni-kan, -ḿi/-nai, and 8 verbal families) achieving 88.2% lexical coverage across the 36 core texts (and 86.5% across all long texts, with zero unclassified repeated common words), a sensu contrario control test on funerary stelae (seltar : ḿi), Basque-Aquitanian comparative corollary across 40 structural items, and automated morphological translation of the 398 syntactically translatable inscriptions out of the 2,090 records in the Hesperia database.

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Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Published
2026-10-24
DOI
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23620146
Primary Topic
Archaeological and Historical Studies
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article
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Financial Accounting, Mercantile Contracts, and Cadastres in Pre-Roman Hispania (Complete English Edition, Monographs I–IV): Arithmetic Equations, Roman Cadastral Homology (Forma Censualis), Property & Partnership Law (iunstir, laku), Syntactic-Morph

DAVID MARTIN VALLADOLID
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Archaeological and Historical Studies
article

Financial Accounting, Mercantile Contracts, and Cadastres in Pre-Roman Hispania (Complete English Edition, Monographs I–IV): Arithmetic Equations, Roman Cadastral Homology (Forma Censualis), Property & Partnership Law (iunstir, laku), Syntactic-Morph

DAVID MARTIN VALLADOLID
article en

Abstract

Complete English Edition (Monographs I to IV and Automated Corpus Translation Dataset) of the research series "Contabilidad financiera, contratos mercantiles y catastros en la Hispania prerromana (I–IV)". - Monograph I (Spanish DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.23610040): Exact arithmetic equations on Iberian lead plaques and amphorae (11 + 9 = 20 in Los Villares V, V.07.01; 2 + 6 = 8 in Yátova II, V.13.02; 1 + 3 = 4 in Vieille-Toulouse, HGA.01), accounting operators (eka vs. bobaitinba; ko -> l -> ti; bale), cloned debt clauses in Pech Maho (AUD.05.35–36a lekáŕ-śoŕ), and formal proof via the fractional morpheme -erter ('half', 1/2) that baśir / baśur / bas denotes a divisible rural estate (baśir-erter, eŕte-baś-ká = dimidia pars fundi).- Monograph II (Spanish DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.23612742): Typology of rural estates (baśir/baseŕ, baśur/uŕké-bas, aŕeka vs. eŕeko, oŕtor/ortin/orti, and stockyard complexes bari-koŕta-ŕi-koŕta-stena matching Celtiberian stena : kortika in the Botorrita Bronzes) in the light of Ulpian's Roman Forma Censualis (Digest 50.15.4), verification of the 6 + 2 = 8 equation in Alcoy VI (A.04.06a–b), agro-pastoral taxation (akari / aker / okar in Macastre V.17.02), and the alphabetic origin of registration deeds (kutu / kutur / gudu) from the Cerdanya script order ku-tu- (GI.01.01c).- Monograph III (Spanish DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.23614006): Institutional resolution of iunstir / neitin : iunstir as the Dominical Owner (Dominus fundi: municipal iŕi-ká vs. owner iunstiri-ká in CS.21.07; 1st person iunsir-ḿi 'I am the owner'; and the Ger boundary rock GI.01.03), partnership and 50% sharecropping contracts (laku / lakun = socius; laku-eŕter-ḿi), post-mortem settlement of the deceased partner (laku-iltuń = socius defunctus in T.07.01, Dig. 17.2.65.9), mercantile deposit offices (baite / baiteski, CS.14.01 baités-ban-iekáŕ-se), wine amphora labels (binuki : ko : s), and bilateral debt settlements (ban-ite vs. ni-te in Ullastret B.11.01).- Monograph IV & Complete Dataset (Spanish DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.23617695): The Greco-Iberian script of Alcoy (A.04.01a–b, A.04.02) as a phonetic Rosetta Stone revealing voiced stops G and D (kutu -> gudu, biteŕ -> bidiŕ/bidudenin, baite -> baida, iltun -> ildu, lakú-sekén -> legu-śegik, -ke/-te -> -ge/-de), complete syntactic-morphological grammar (ergative SOV order, 10 nominal cases, full declension of the 1st-person pronoun ni: ni, ni-te, ni-ŕ, ni-kin, ni-kan, -ḿi/-nai, and 8 verbal families) achieving 88.2% lexical coverage across the 36 core texts (and 86.5% across all long texts, with zero unclassified repeated common words), a sensu contrario control test on funerary stelae (seltar : ḿi), Basque-Aquitanian comparative corollary across 40 structural items, and automated morphological translation of the 398 syntactically translatable inscriptions out of the 2,090 records in the Hesperia database.

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Openalex Percentile: Top 4%
Archaeological and Historical Studies
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