Unveiling the dynamics of scams: a holistic investigation into scam victims in Malaysia and coping mechanisms

Purpose This study aims to investigate the psychological, behavioral and sociological dynamics of scam victimization, aiming to bridge the gap between financial loss and the lived experience of victims. Design/methodology/approach Using a qualitative methodology, the research uses in-depth interviews with 18 victims to explore susceptibility factors, scammer modus operandi and subsequent coping mechanisms. Findings Findings also reveal that victim susceptibility is driven by diverse traits, including greed, over-trusting natures, desperation and ignorance. Scammers exploit these vulnerabilities through sophisticated social engineering, persuasive tactics and the cultivation of emotional bonds. The consequences extend profoundly beyond financial depletion, encompassing severe emotional trauma such as anxiety and depression and social ramifications like “losing face” and isolation. Furthermore, victims often experience “secondary victimization” through societal stigmatization and a lack of empathy from law enforcement. To manage distress, individuals use adaptive coping mechanisms, such as religion, sports and professional therapy or maladaptive strategies like gambling, avoidance and self-blame. Research limitations/implications The research and researchers had to adhere to strict anonymity at the request of the victims and this became an arduous task to find victims who were willing to speak openly with the researchers. It was also a challenge to find victims in each category of frauds. In terms of research administration, because of the large team, the team leader had to carefully assign tasks which relate to the strength of each member. Practical implications These insights inform targeted intervention strategies and policy development to mitigate the pervasive impact of scams. Social implications By enhancing awareness and understanding of scams, the research aims to empower individuals and communities to protect themselves against fraudulent activities and to suggest ways in which victims can cope and perhaps find support. Originality/value There are limited research on the combination of fraud and victim coping mechanism. There are limited resources to understand how victims cope and find support upon being scammed. The question of how does one deal with being frauded has always risen.