Generative Structural Theory v1.53 — Unit-Budget Reachability of Bidirected Trees with Exactly Two Infinite-Degree Vertices on the Original Z3 Growth Sequence

A growth sequence is a sequence of finite relations R_n on node sets V_n with V_n ⊆ V_{n+1}, R_n ⊆ R_{n+1} and every stage strongly connected; a selection sequence chooses at every stage an inclusion-minimal strongly connected spanning sub-relation x_n of R_n, and its deletion budget bounds the number of pairs of x_n that x_{n+1} drops; the number of pairs added is not bounded. On the growth sequence of v1.36 Example Z3, whose stage n has the nodes 0, ..., 2n and 2n + 2 and all ordered pairs of distinct nodes between them, v1.40–v1.52 established unit-budget reachability for a sequence of classes of bidirected trees, including every locally finite tree (v1.48) and every tree with exactly one vertex of infinite degree (v1.49–v1.52). This version treats every tree T with vertex set ℕ₀ and exactly two vertices r and s of infinite degree. The unique path P between them is finite. Every component obtained by removing the vertices of P is a locally finite tree, finite or infinite, attached to exactly one vertex of P by one edge. No additional restrictions are imposed on the sizes, depths or labels of these components, and infinite branches may occur at internal vertices of P. Procedure R begins with a finite path phase. It separates the branch containing s from the working relation at r, settles the internal vertices of P and their finite branches, and converts the working relation at s into a second root side after its advance operation. The settled relation containing P connects the two root sides. In the main phase, root turns at r and s alternate. Each settles a finite branch or introduces an infinite branch, and each is followed, whenever the locally finite side has a working relation, by one turn on that side. Only one turn runs at a time, and each transition performs at most one elementary operation. During a root turn, the other root side and the locally finite side only gain new vertices; during a locally finite turn, both root sides only gain new vertices at their hubs. A global invariant preserves spanning, strong connectivity and inclusion-minimality at every stage. Every wait and every turn ends after finitely many stages. A least-label rule ensures that every vertex is eventually settled, while settled pairs are never deleted. Theorem R proves that, for every such tree T, every starting stage s₀ and every initial structure y ∈ M_{s₀}, there exists a selection sequence with x_{s₀} = y, x_n ∈ M_n, |x_n ∖ x_{n+1}| ≤ 1 and L = U = P_T, where P_T is the bidirected relation of T. The construction uses T in advance and keeps the original Z3 growth sequence unchanged. Corollary R5 gives the least uniform deletion budget for a selection sequence from y with lower limit P_T. It is 0 exactly when y = P_T[V_{s₀}] and T[V_n] is connected for every n ≥ s₀, and 1 otherwise. Trees with three or more vertices of infinite degree, online constructions and other growth sequences are outside the scope of this version.

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Publication Details

Journal
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Published
2026-10-24
DOI
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23615187
Primary Topic
Advanced Topology and Set Theory
Type
preprint
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Generative Structural Theory v1.53 — Unit-Budget Reachability of Bidirected Trees with Exactly Two Infinite-Degree Vertices on the Original Z3 Growth Sequence

Koji Okino
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Advanced Topology and Set Theory
preprint

Generative Structural Theory v1.53 — Unit-Budget Reachability of Bidirected Trees with Exactly Two Infinite-Degree Vertices on the Original Z3 Growth Sequence

Koji Okino
preprint en

Abstract

A growth sequence is a sequence of finite relations R_n on node sets V_n with V_n ⊆ V_{n+1}, R_n ⊆ R_{n+1} and every stage strongly connected; a selection sequence chooses at every stage an inclusion-minimal strongly connected spanning sub-relation x_n of R_n, and its deletion budget bounds the number of pairs of x_n that x_{n+1} drops; the number of pairs added is not bounded. On the growth sequence of v1.36 Example Z3, whose stage n has the nodes 0, ..., 2n and 2n + 2 and all ordered pairs of distinct nodes between them, v1.40–v1.52 established unit-budget reachability for a sequence of classes of bidirected trees, including every locally finite tree (v1.48) and every tree with exactly one vertex of infinite degree (v1.49–v1.52). This version treats every tree T with vertex set ℕ₀ and exactly two vertices r and s of infinite degree. The unique path P between them is finite. Every component obtained by removing the vertices of P is a locally finite tree, finite or infinite, attached to exactly one vertex of P by one edge. No additional restrictions are imposed on the sizes, depths or labels of these components, and infinite branches may occur at internal vertices of P. Procedure R begins with a finite path phase. It separates the branch containing s from the working relation at r, settles the internal vertices of P and their finite branches, and converts the working relation at s into a second root side after its advance operation. The settled relation containing P connects the two root sides. In the main phase, root turns at r and s alternate. Each settles a finite branch or introduces an infinite branch, and each is followed, whenever the locally finite side has a working relation, by one turn on that side. Only one turn runs at a time, and each transition performs at most one elementary operation. During a root turn, the other root side and the locally finite side only gain new vertices; during a locally finite turn, both root sides only gain new vertices at their hubs. A global invariant preserves spanning, strong connectivity and inclusion-minimality at every stage. Every wait and every turn ends after finitely many stages. A least-label rule ensures that every vertex is eventually settled, while settled pairs are never deleted. Theorem R proves that, for every such tree T, every starting stage s₀ and every initial structure y ∈ M_{s₀}, there exists a selection sequence with x_{s₀} = y, x_n ∈ M_n, |x_n ∖ x_{n+1}| ≤ 1 and L = U = P_T, where P_T is the bidirected relation of T. The construction uses T in advance and keeps the original Z3 growth sequence unchanged. Corollary R5 gives the least uniform deletion budget for a selection sequence from y with lower limit P_T. It is 0 exactly when y = P_T[V_{s₀}] and T[V_n] is connected for every n ≥ s₀, and 1 otherwise. Trees with three or more vertices of infinite degree, online constructions and other growth sequences are outside the scope of this version.

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Advanced Topology and Set Theory
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