A falsifiable framework for retrospective neuro-type (ADHD/ASD/AuDHD) attribution in historical figures: a Registered Report Stage 1 protocol

Stage 1 Registered Report protocol for a six-dimensional, behavioral-operationalized framework that assigns posterior probabilities of ADHD, ASD, AuDHD, ND-other, or NT to historical figures from public biographical evidence, explicitly constrained by era-specific prevalence and diagnostic anachronism. The protocol pre-registers inclusion/exclusion rules, a control group (dissenters, persons with intellectual disability and other psychiatric diagnoses), coding rubrics, the Bayesian prior structure, and the human inter-rater reliability gate (Fleiss kappa). It distinguishes most-plausible attribution from diagnosis (Goldwater Rule), and sets stopping/abandonment rules if reliability falls below threshold. Target: AMPPS / Collabra: Psychology / Behavior Research Methods. Pre-registration is timestamped before any human coding or Stage 2 analysis.

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Publication Details

Journal
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Published
2026-10-24
DOI
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23586702
Primary Topic
History, Medicine, and Leadership
Type
preprint
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preprint

A falsifiable framework for retrospective neuro-type (ADHD/ASD/AuDHD) attribution in historical figures: a Registered Report Stage 1 protocol

Xin Xu
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
History, Medicine, and Leadership
preprint

A falsifiable framework for retrospective neuro-type (ADHD/ASD/AuDHD) attribution in historical figures: a Registered Report Stage 1 protocol

Xin Xu
preprint en

Abstract

Stage 1 Registered Report protocol for a six-dimensional, behavioral-operationalized framework that assigns posterior probabilities of ADHD, ASD, AuDHD, ND-other, or NT to historical figures from public biographical evidence, explicitly constrained by era-specific prevalence and diagnostic anachronism. The protocol pre-registers inclusion/exclusion rules, a control group (dissenters, persons with intellectual disability and other psychiatric diagnoses), coding rubrics, the Bayesian prior structure, and the human inter-rater reliability gate (Fleiss kappa). It distinguishes most-plausible attribution from diagnosis (Goldwater Rule), and sets stopping/abandonment rules if reliability falls below threshold. Target: AMPPS / Collabra: Psychology / Behavior Research Methods. Pre-registration is timestamped before any human coding or Stage 2 analysis.

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Zhejiang University (CN)
History, Medicine, and Leadership
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