Rank-one loss maximizes the spectral response strength of passive full-order exceptional points

We consider finite-dimensional non-Hermitian systems in which all modes coalesce at a single exceptional point. For a rank-one anti-Hermitian contribution, the spectral response strength is computed exactly. For passive systems, we then derive a sharp upper bound at fixed exceptional-point decay rate and show that it is reached only when the decay operator has rank one, corresponding to a single independent dissipative direction. This establishes rank-one loss as the optimal configuration for enhancing the response of a full-order exceptional point. The bound holds for arbitrary order and improves on earlier passive estimates beyond second order. Two third-order trimers illustrate the result: a rank-one-loss system saturates the bound, whereas a passive rank-two-loss realization remains below it. The result turns dissipation into a design resource: concentrating the loss into a single effective dissipative direction maximizes the highest-order spectral response of a passive full-order exceptional-point device.

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Publication Details

Journal
Physical Review Research
Published
2026-10-28
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1103/5451-5wd1
Primary Topic
Quantum Mechanics and Non-Hermitian Physics
Type
article
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article

Rank-one loss maximizes the spectral response strength of passive full-order exceptional points

Jan Wiersig
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Physical Review Research
Quantum Mechanics and Non-Hermitian Physics
article

Rank-one loss maximizes the spectral response strength of passive full-order exceptional points

Jan Wiersig
article en

Abstract

We consider finite-dimensional non-Hermitian systems in which all modes coalesce at a single exceptional point. For a rank-one anti-Hermitian contribution, the spectral response strength is computed exactly. For passive systems, we then derive a sharp upper bound at fixed exceptional-point decay rate and show that it is reached only when the decay operator has rank one, corresponding to a single independent dissipative direction. This establishes rank-one loss as the optimal configuration for enhancing the response of a full-order exceptional point. The bound holds for arbitrary order and improves on earlier passive estimates beyond second order. Two third-order trimers illustrate the result: a rank-one-loss system saturates the bound, whereas a passive rank-two-loss realization remains below it. The result turns dissipation into a design resource: concentrating the loss into a single effective dissipative direction maximizes the highest-order spectral response of a passive full-order exceptional-point device.

Physical Review Research
Openalex Percentile: Top 21%
Quantum Mechanics and Non-Hermitian Physics
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