PFAS Leaching from Common Sampling Materials Using a Standardized Protocol

Abstract Accurate measurement of per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in environmental samples requires minimizing external contamination sources, yet the sampling items themselves can introduce PFAS. Existing sampling guidance often relies on precautionary assumptions rather than empirical data, and prior studies have lacked standardized leaching protocols, limiting interstudy comparability. This study evaluated PFAS leaching from 24 items commonly used for collecting environmental samples and five groundwater pumps under controlled conditions using a modified EPA Method 1313 leaching procedure. Leachate samples were analyzed for an expanded suite of 70 PFAS using LC–MS/MS based on EPA Method 1633. Overall, 37 of the 70 target PFAS were detected at least once in the leachates. Materials with the greatest likelihood of direct sample contact had the lowest overall PFAS leachate concentrations, suggesting limited risk of significant sample contamination under typical field conditions. Testing of the leachate from low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) and high‐density polyethylene (HDPE), and silicone tubing, bailers, and bladders resulted in some of the lowest analyte detections. In contrast, pronounced compound‐ and material‐specific results were observed for a specific nylon braided rope, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) tubing, and PTFE bladders, all of which yielded the highest PFAS concentrations and the broadest analyte profiles in leachate. Evaluation of sampling pumps yielded scattered detections without consistent differentiation. This work may be used as a basis for future researchers to evaluate equipment and materials that may contribute PFAS to environmental samples.