Prevalence of Diabetes, Associated Factors and Impact of Antitubercular Therapy on Sleep Quality among Tuberculosis Patients: A Cross-sectional Study

Abstract Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) and diabetes mellitus (DM) pose dual public health challenge, especially in low- and middle-income countries like India. DM increases susceptibility to active TB and complicates its treatment, while TB can impair glycaemic control. This study assessed the relationship between various forms of TB and factors affecting the clinical outcomes and morbidity associated with TB. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from 2023 to 2024 at LLRM. Medical College, Meerut, involving 162 patients of pulmonary TB (PTB), extra-PTB (EPTB) and disseminated TB. Patients underwent clinical, biochemical, radiological evaluation and sleep assessment using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Results: The prevalence of DM was 21.6% in TB patients. No significant association was found between DM and type of TB infection (PTB, EPTB and disseminated TB) ( P = 0.183). PTB patients were older than EPTB and disseminated TB patients. Disseminated TB patients had the lowest body mass index and highest underweight prevalence. Dyslipidaemia – particularly high low-density lipoprotein and low high-density lipoprotein – was common in pulmonary and disseminated TB. Sleep quality improved significantly after 1 month of antitubercular therapy (ATT) (mean PSQI from 8.64 to 5.55; P < 0.001), with no significant early change in fasting glucose after 2 h of ATT. Conclusion: DM is common among TB patients, highlighting the need for routine screening and integrated metabolic management to improve outcomes. Sleep quality improved significantly after 1 month of ATT. However, there was no significant change in fasting glucose after 2 h of ATT.