A mixed-methods evaluation of shipshape program at a large military treatment facility: outcomes and strategic insights

Abstract Background Obesity is a significant public health issue affecting two in five adults in the United States, with the US Navy experiencing higher rates of overweight and obesity among military branches. The Navy’s ShipShape program aims to assist participants in adopting healthier lifestyle behaviors to achieve weight loss. While previous studies have explored the characteristics of ShipShape participants and program enhancements, a mixed-methods program evaluation of effectiveness has been lacking. Aim A mixed-methods approach was utilized to evaluate the ShipShape program at a large Military Treatment Facility (MTF) in Portsmouth, Virginia. Methods Retrospective quantitative data were analyzed from participants who attended the program in either 2022 or 2023, including demographics, program completion status, and Body Mass Index (BMI) measurements before and after program participation. Qualitative data were obtained through semi-structured interviews with participants and facilitators, focusing on the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT) framework. Results The program evaluation included 67 participants, of whom 83.6% were active-duty military self-referrals. Among participants with complete BMI data, mean BMI decreased from 35.61 to 35.16 kg/m² ( p = 0.043). Qualitative analysis reveals four main themes: strengths in educational content, weaknesses in scheduling and communication, opportunities for increased accessibility, and threats from negative perceptions. Participants also suggested adding a virtual program option. Conclusion and recommendations The ShipShape program demonstrated a statistically significant but modest reduction in participant BMI. However, marketing efforts need to be enhanced to improve visibility and engagement. The program evaluation highlighted the importance of addressing negative perceptions and expanding program accessibility through virtual formats. Future studies should focus on broader program evaluations across multiple MTFs to generalize findings and assess long-term sustainability. Addressing identified limitations and incorporating a more comprehensive analysis will be essential for the continued success and effectiveness of the ShipShape program.