Exploring the application value of preoperative femoral artery and vein cannulation in redo cardiac surgery

To explore the clinical value of preoperative femoral vessel cannulation in redo cardiac surgery. A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data of 106 patients who underwent redo cardiac surgery in our hospital from January 2022 to December 2024. According to the cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) cannulation technique adopted, the patients were divided into the Femoral Cannulation group (n = 79) and the Traditional Central Cannulation group (n = 37). Preoperative baseline data, intraoperative CPB-related parameters, blood product consumption, and the incidence of postoperative complications were recorded and compared between the two groups. There were no statistically significant differences in preoperative baseline data or intraoperative parameters between the two groups (all P > 0.05). Similarly, no significant statistical differences were found in postoperative mortality, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) utilization rate, acute kidney injury (AKI) incidence, or cognitive dysfunction incidence between the two groups. However, compared with the Traditional Central Cannulation group, the Femoral Cannulation group had significantly lower intraoperative packed red blood cell (PRBC) transfusion volume and a significantly lower incidence of major cardiovascular injuries (all P < 0.05). In redo cardiac surgery, preoperative femoral vessel cannulation can significantly reduce the incidence of major cardiovascular injuries and the demand for intraoperative blood transfusion, which is worthy of promotion and application in clinical practice.