Controlled intermittent non smoothed contact induced antiphase dynamics for broadband electromagnetic vibration energy harvesting

Effective vibration isolation and broadband energy harvesting are challenging because traditional methods limit motion and reduce electrical output. This study shows that controlled intermittent non-smooth contact can regulate phase in a lever-type electromagnetic energy harvester. Incorporating a compliant unilateral stopper creates a new intermediate mode with stable antiphase motion, increasing relative velocity and reducing vibrations. Unlike conventional grounded/semi grounded stopper that limit displacement, the non-smooth mechanism stopper presented acts as a phase-control element, altering dynamics. Phase analysis reveals an intermediate-frequency region between resonances, where stiffness switching and phasor reversal enable sustained antiphase motion, enhancing bandwidths of vibration isolation and energy harvesting. Theoretical analysis identifies contact regions and mixed effects involving intermittent non-smooth, characterized antiphase motion, lever amplification, and electromagnetic cross-coupling. The electromagnetic cross-coupling is trivial in effect relative to other. This regime allows resonance splitting, dual voltage peaks, and improved energy harvesting. Bandwidth is set by the contact criterion, and effective voltage range by antiphase evolution, leading to better vibration isolation than grounded systems. Phase-space analyses confirm stable impact-modulated dynamics. Experiments, including Bluetooth sensing, validate the concept of vibration-aware energy harvesting, demonstrating autonomous powering and data transfer. The system simultaneously senses, isolates, and powers.