Vibration behaviour of additively manufactured materials and complex structures: A state-of-the-art review

Additive manufacturing (AM), widely known as 3D printing, has significantly transformed modern manufacturing by enabling the fabrication of complex geometries and highly customized components across diverse engineering applications. This review systematically examines recent peer-reviewed literature on the vibration behavior of additively manufactured materials and structures. A total of 156 papers were identified and screened, of which 127 peer-reviewed papers were finally included in the review. The review covers major AM technologies, material systems, complex geometries, experimental vibration testing, computational modeling, and data-driven approaches. The findings show that printing parameters, material anisotropy, internal architecture, and process-induced defects strongly affect natural frequencies, damping, mode shapes, and overall dynamic performance. Recent advances in finite element modeling, machine learning, experimental modal analysis, and non-destructive evaluation have substantially improved vibration prediction, characterization, and optimization of AM components. The review further identifies current research challenges, including the need for standardized testing methodologies, multi-scale modeling, and integrated experimental–computational frameworks for complex 3D-printed structures. These findings provide a comprehensive understanding of vibration characteristics in additive manufacturing and highlight future research directions for improving the reliability, structural integrity, and performance of vibration-sensitive additively manufactured components.