Autonomous Reconfigurable Modular Conductive Hydrogels for Adaptive and Degradable Bioelectronic Interfaces

ABSTRACT Bioelectronic interfaces are increasingly used in medical devices for tissue stimulation and sensing. Transient bioelectronics seek the same functionality in temporary systems, yet most available materials are nondegradable, stiff, and require surgery or external removal. Achieving tissue‐like softness, smooth injectability, stable mixed conductivity, and reliable short‐term bioresorption within a single biocompatible matrix remains challenging. Here, we decouple injectability from bulk conductive performance using a modular reconfiguration strategy. High‐filler‐content hydrogels are converted into lyophilized modules that can be resuspended, injected through a standard syringe, and then autonomously reassemble in situ into a cohesive conductive network, recovering 90% of conductivity after freeze–drying, fragmentation, and reconfiguration. The platform uses a fully degradable tannic‐acid‐crosslinked poly(vinyl alcohol) matrix with molybdenum and molybdenum trioxide nanoparticles as co‐functional fillers. Mixed ionic/electronic conduction arises from redox‐active tannic acid–Mo(VI) complexes (ionic transport) and semi‐percolated Mo nanoparticles (electron hopping). The optimized formulation matches extracellular‐matrix mechanics (Young's modulus 0.03 MPa; failure strain 998%) and fully degrades within 120 h under simulated physiological conditions. In a human skin explant wound model, conformal integration enables charge transfer, reaching 0.02 A at across a 1 cm defect.