Thinking fast, thinking deep: adapting systems mapping to the needs of humanitarian decision-making

As crises become increasingly complex and protracted, humanitarian organisations face growing challenges in meeting needs while navigating fragmented decision-making processes and limited use of evidence. This research explores how systems-thinking approaches – specifically systems mapping – can support more coordinated, forward-looking humanitarian interventions. The paper describes the iterative development and application of systems mapping methods across four case studies (Gaza, Venezuela, Lebanon, and Ukraine). By combining, adapting, and extending existing participatory and causal mapping methods, the research developed scalable, evidence-based methods suited to data- and time-constrained environments. Methodological adaptations included embedding traceable evidence into map structures, integrating sectoral and network analyses, and developing layered multi-shock analyses to identify recurrent vulnerabilities. These adaptations demonstrate how systems mapping can be operationalised to strengthen decision-making, promote joint planning, and enhance systemic understanding in humanitarian contexts.