Updates on the Translational Value of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Models Across Species: Deeper Insights Through Comparative Pathology

Over the past few decades, advances in comparative pathology have strengthened the potential translational value of animal models of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF). The integration of human-relevant diagnostic biomarkers into preclinical studies, such as advanced imaging techniques and standardized histopathological methods, has improved the comparability of experimental findings with human disease. Naturally occurring fibrotic lung diseases in some breeds of companion dogs and cats and induced disease models in laboratory rodents show varying degrees of similarity to human IPF. They represent valuable comparative medicine tools to better understand disease mechanisms and test new therapies, each with advantages and limitations. Critically evaluating their complementarity is essential for gaining reliable insights into disease processes through preclinical animal studies and for developing effective treatments. This comprehensive review aims to update current knowledge of these animal models of IPF, focusing on comparative pathology, imaging, and histological features and evaluating their respective strengths, limitations, and translational relevance within the conceptual framework of “One Health, One Medicine, One Pathology”. By exploiting convergent pathophysiological processes across species, this interdisciplinary collaborative paradigm aims to promote the effective use of model organisms in biomedical research and foster mutual benefits for both humans and animals.