Surviving the margins: Migration, settlement, challenges, coping mechanisms, and aspirations of Kayayei “girl porters” in Agbogbloshie and Makola markets in Accra, Ghana

Abstract Motivation Female child head porters ( Kayayei ) migrating from northern Ghana to Accra experience economic opportunities alongside substantial risks to their safety and well‐being. Understanding their migration experiences is important for developing child‐sensitive migration and social protection policies. Purpose This study examines the motivations, settlement challenges, coping strategies, and future aspirations of Kayayei aged 10–17 in Accra. It contributes an integrated adolescent‐focused analysis linking pre‐migration circumstances with post‐migration experiences and survival strategies. Approach and Methods A qualitative research approach was adopted, involving 44 female child head porters aged 10–17 in the Makola and Agbogbloshie markets. Data were collected through focus group discussions involving 24 participants and key informant interviews involving 20 participants. The analysis was informed by the Harris–Todaro and Push‐Pull migration models. Findings Economic hardship, limited livelihood opportunities and aspirations for financial independence influenced migration decisions. Upon arrival, participants encountered precarious accommodation, inadequate sanitation, food insecurity, physically demanding labour, exploitation and exposure to violence. They developed informal support networks and economic coping strategies to navigate these challenges, although such arrangements provided limited protection against persistent vulnerabilities. Participants also expressed aspirations to resume education, acquire vocational skills and establish businesses. Policy Implications The findings highlight the need for coordinated, child‐sensitive interventions that address both the structural drivers of migration and the vulnerabilities experienced at destination markets. Policy responses should strengthen access to safe accommodation, healthcare, sanitation, education and social protection while providing viable livelihood opportunities in communities of origin. Interventions should also recognize children's agency and aspirations without overlooking their protection needs.