The Four Fundamental Interactions in a Spacetime Condensation and Encoding Framework

Abstract We give a unified physical definition of the four fundamental interactions within a spacetime-condensation and encoding framework. Spacetime is the primary substrate. Matter is a completed condensation of spacetime produced through a particle-rooted U(1) encoding. Gravity is the response of the spacetime carrier to the complete encoded condensate, including its energy–momentum tensor. Electromagnetism is the response of spacetime to the encoding mode itself and is defined as a long-range interaction of encoded charge. The strong interaction is the structural protection of closed encoded condensates; the weak interaction is their opening, conversion, and reclosure. We distinguish the encoded object from its encoding rule, and organize the four interactions as two spacetime responses and two internal structural forces. The resulting picture describes their common origin, separate roles, and mutual influence on one physical condensate. Keywords Spacetime condensation; U(1)U(1) encoding; gravitational response; electromagnetic interaction; strong interaction; weak interaction; structural closure.