இநதய அறவ மரபல கலததன சரபததனம: வத–பரண இலககயஙகளன மனத–தவ கலக கணககட, வனயல அறவ மறறம நவன சரபயல கலக கரததகளன பனமக ஆயவ: A Multifaceted Study of Human–Divine Time Calculation in Vedic–Puranic Literature, Astronomical Knowledge, and Modern Concepts of Relativist

This paper presents a comparative analysis between the conceptual framework of time in the Indian Vedic–Puranic tradition and the concept of time dilation in Albert Einstein’s Theory of Relativity, examining five structural elements: the nature of time, measurement systems, observer-dependent perception, astronomical cycles, and immense cosmic time scales. Crucially, the study maintains epistemological integrity by rejecting the unscientific claim that ancient texts foresaw modern physics; instead, it emphasizes that while both systems developed from completely distinct physical, mathematical, and methodological foundations, they share intriguing structural parallels in recognizing time as relative—evidenced by the observer-dependent hierarchy of human, divine, and cosmic time in Puranas alongside frame-dependent relative time in modern physics.