An Electronic‐Geometric Descriptor for Predicting High‐Voltage Prussian Blue Analogue Cathodes

ABSTRACT Prussian blue analogues (PBAs) are promising sodium‐ion battery cathodes owing to their open frameworks, compositional tunability, and high operating voltages. However, the rational design of high‐voltage PBAs is hindered by the lack of physically interpretable descriptors connecting atomic‐scale properties with voltage behavior. Here, we develop an electronic‐geometric coupled descriptor for correlating and predicting voltage plateaus in PBAs. The descriptor combines the p‐band center of the cyano‐ligand N atom, which characterizes the electronic contribution to Na‐N interactions, with a lattice‐response term that describes framework confinement during sodiation. Density functional theory calculations on ordered binary PBAs show that the coupled descriptor improves the correlations with both high‐ and low‐voltage plateaus relative to the electronic descriptor alone, and the predicted trends are consistent with available experimental reports for representative systems. We further apply this descriptor to screen 78 PBA compositions, including ordered binary, multielement‐doped Fe‐based, and high‐entropy PBAs. Eight compositions are predicted to exhibit both high‐ and low‐voltage plateaus above 3.8 V, among which Cu[Fe(CN) 6 ], Ni[Fe(CN) 6 ], and Zn 2 Cu 2 [Fe(CN) 6 ] 4 agree with reported experimental trends, while Zn[Zn(CN) 6 ], Zn[Fe(CN) 6 ], Cu[Mn(CN) 6 ], Cu[Zn(CN) 6 ], and Ni 3 Zn[Fe(CN) 6 ] 4 are proposed as candidates for further experimental validation. This study offers a descriptor‐guided strategy for the discovery of high‐voltage PBA cathodes.

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Small
Published
2026-10-18
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.76308
Primary Topic
Advancements in Battery Materials
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article
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article

An Electronic‐Geometric Descriptor for Predicting High‐Voltage Prussian Blue Analogue Cathodes

Igor Ying Zhang, Hengjia Shao, Shulei Chou, Yunxiao Wang et al.
Small
Advancements in Battery Materials
article

An Electronic‐Geometric Descriptor for Predicting High‐Voltage Prussian Blue Analogue Cathodes

Igor Ying Zhang, Hengjia Shao, Shulei Chou, Yunxiao Wang, Pei Chen, Ping Tong, Xin Tan
article en

Abstract

ABSTRACT Prussian blue analogues (PBAs) are promising sodium‐ion battery cathodes owing to their open frameworks, compositional tunability, and high operating voltages. However, the rational design of high‐voltage PBAs is hindered by the lack of physically interpretable descriptors connecting atomic‐scale properties with voltage behavior. Here, we develop an electronic‐geometric coupled descriptor for correlating and predicting voltage plateaus in PBAs. The descriptor combines the p‐band center of the cyano‐ligand N atom, which characterizes the electronic contribution to Na‐N interactions, with a lattice‐response term that describes framework confinement during sodiation. Density functional theory calculations on ordered binary PBAs show that the coupled descriptor improves the correlations with both high‐ and low‐voltage plateaus relative to the electronic descriptor alone, and the predicted trends are consistent with available experimental reports for representative systems. We further apply this descriptor to screen 78 PBA compositions, including ordered binary, multielement‐doped Fe‐based, and high‐entropy PBAs. Eight compositions are predicted to exhibit both high‐ and low‐voltage plateaus above 3.8 V, among which Cu[Fe(CN) 6 ], Ni[Fe(CN) 6 ], and Zn 2 Cu 2 [Fe(CN) 6 ] 4 agree with reported experimental trends, while Zn[Zn(CN) 6 ], Zn[Fe(CN) 6 ], Cu[Mn(CN) 6 ], Cu[Zn(CN) 6 ], and Ni 3 Zn[Fe(CN) 6 ] 4 are proposed as candidates for further experimental validation. This study offers a descriptor‐guided strategy for the discovery of high‐voltage PBA cathodes.

Small
Wenzhou University (CN), University of Shanghai for Science and Technology (CN), Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (CN)
Openalex Percentile: Top 23%
Advancements in Battery Materials
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