THE SANNER MODEL — Centripetal Load and Rotational Motion in the Aether

The Sanner Model (TSM) distinguishes between a force, which performs net work, and a load, which does not. This paper extends the distinction to centripetal load — the active load that arises when the parts of a self-rotating body are constrained to follow circular paths, whether the rotation is steady or accelerated. A self-rotating body does no net work and transfers no net energy as a whole, yet its individual parts continuously change speed and direction through the aether. The constraint holding the body together is therefore not a force. It is an active centripetal load. Unlike the aether load and the pressure load, the centripetal load performs work on individual parts of an extended body — as they speed up and slow down through the aether — but the net work is zero at every instant, for all rotation states and all aether states. The paper develops this concept and applies it to a systematic classification of rotating disks, based on two independent variables: the rotation state (steady or accelerated) and the state of the aether field (at rest, uniform translation, or accelerated translation). This gives six cases, each analyzed in full. The paper then compares the predictions of TSM with those of general relativity (GR) for each case. In Case 1 (aether at rest), the predictions are identical. In the remaining cases, TSM predicts a direction-dependent asymmetry: clocks on the side of the disk rotating parallel to the direction of motion through the aether tick slower than clocks on the antiparallel side. This asymmetry is absent in GR. The paper proposes a specific experiment to test this prediction: a center clock at the hub and a peripheral clock near the rim of a rotating disk, read out by optical telemetry. With a tangential speed of 1 m/s and the galactic aether flow of 323 km/s, the predicted signal is an oscillating frequency difference equivalent to approximately 310 nanoseconds per day, well within the reach of existing atomic clock technology.