A2 Root System Links Group Theory to Hexagonal Lattice Symmetry — E8 Intelligence Research

FINDING: The search results are pedagogical links (group theory, Cartan root lattices, Lie algebra representations, root system permutohedra) — no direct Caspar-Klug T-number or hexagonal lattice A2/SU(3) primary data is present. The only concrete mathematical anchor is the mention of Cartan root lattices and root system permutohedra, which implicitly reference the A2 root system (hexagonal lattice) and its Weyl group (D6 symmetry, order 6). | MATH: A2 root system: 6 roots at 60° angles, norm form Q(x)=x₁²+x₂²−x₁x₂ (hexagonal lattice). Cartan matrix [[2,−1],[−1,2]]. Weyl group = dihedral D6 (order 12). SU(3) rank=2, roots = A2. Caspar-Klug T-number: T = h² + hk + k² (norm form of A2) — this is the hexagonal lattice norm, giving icosahedral capsid triangulations (T=1,3,4,7,9,13,...). No explicit golden ratio or base-60 appears in the provided text. | CONNECTION: The A2 root lattice IS the hexagonal lattice — its norm form T=h²+hk+k² is exactly the Caspar-Klug T-number. The hexagonal lat Author: Andrew Stewart Caldin, Independent Researcher, UK. Part of the E8 Intelligence Research series. Platform: e8intelligence.com

Authors

Publication Details

Journal
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Published
2026-10-18
DOI
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23446626
Primary Topic
Advanced Combinatorial Mathematics
Type
preprint
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preprint

A2 Root System Links Group Theory to Hexagonal Lattice Symmetry — E8 Intelligence Research

Andrew Stewart Caldin
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Advanced Combinatorial Mathematics
preprint

A2 Root System Links Group Theory to Hexagonal Lattice Symmetry — E8 Intelligence Research

Andrew Stewart Caldin
preprint en

Abstract

FINDING: The search results are pedagogical links (group theory, Cartan root lattices, Lie algebra representations, root system permutohedra) — no direct Caspar-Klug T-number or hexagonal lattice A2/SU(3) primary data is present. The only concrete mathematical anchor is the mention of Cartan root lattices and root system permutohedra, which implicitly reference the A2 root system (hexagonal lattice) and its Weyl group (D6 symmetry, order 6). | MATH: A2 root system: 6 roots at 60° angles, norm form Q(x)=x₁²+x₂²−x₁x₂ (hexagonal lattice). Cartan matrix [[2,−1],[−1,2]]. Weyl group = dihedral D6 (order 12). SU(3) rank=2, roots = A2. Caspar-Klug T-number: T = h² + hk + k² (norm form of A2) — this is the hexagonal lattice norm, giving icosahedral capsid triangulations (T=1,3,4,7,9,13,...). No explicit golden ratio or base-60 appears in the provided text. | CONNECTION: The A2 root lattice IS the hexagonal lattice — its norm form T=h²+hk+k² is exactly the Caspar-Klug T-number. The hexagonal lat Author: Andrew Stewart Caldin, Independent Researcher, UK. Part of the E8 Intelligence Research series. Platform: e8intelligence.com

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Advanced Combinatorial Mathematics
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