Síndrome coronária aguda: diagnóstico precoce e impacto prognóstico

Acute coronary syndrome remains one of the leading causes of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality andrequires early diagnosis, accurate risk stratification, and rapid therapeutic decision-making in emergencysettings. This study aimed to analyze the available evidence on early diagnostic strategies and their prognosticimplications in patients with suspected or confirmed acute coronary syndrome. This is an integrative literaturereview conducted in the PubMed/MEDLINE database, including five studies published between 2016 and 2026.The findings show that high-sensitivity cardiac troponin has expanded the ability to identify myocardial infarctionand different categories of myocardial injury, although this diagnostic improvement has not consistentlytranslated into better clinical outcomes. The HEART score showed superior performance compared with TIMIand GRACE in identifying low-risk patients, supporting safer hospital discharge strategies. Coronary computedtomography angiography demonstrated operational value by reducing unnecessary invasive procedures butwithout a proven impact on mortality or nonfatal myocardial infarction. It is concluded that prognosis in acutecoronary syndrome depends not only on diagnostic accuracy, but also on the integration of biomarkers, clinicalrisk scores, imaging methods, and therapeutic protocols directed at the newly identified high-risk patient groups.