PANCHAMAHABHUTA- BASED UNDERSTANDING OF KARSHYA AND ITS AYURVEDIC MANAGEMENT: A CONCEPTUAL REVIEW

Background: PanchaMahabhutas (five fundamental elements) constitute both the external world and the human body and therefore provide a conceptual basis for understanding tissue nourishment and depletion. Karshya is a condition characterised by depletion of body tissues, emaciation, and reduced strength. Management of Karshya follows the Saamanya-Vishesha Siddhanta. This study analyses the role of PanchaMahabhuta in understanding the pathogenesis of Karshya and explores its application in planning dietary, lifestyle, and therapeutic measures for restoring nourishment and vitality. Classical references related to PanchaMahabhuta, Karshya, Samanya-Vishesha Siddhanta, Brimhana, and Rasayana were reviewed. Relevant contemporary literature concerning Karshya, undernutrition, and Ayurvedic approaches to nutritional depletion was also studied. The reviewed literature indicates that Karshya can be understood through progressive depletion of nourishing components, particularly Rasa Dhatu, with predominance of Vata. The PanchaMahabhuta perspective provides a framework for interpreting the structural, fluid, metabolic, movement-related, and space-related components involved in nourishment and depletion. According to Samanya-Vishesha Siddhanta, substances possessing similar qualities can support restoration of depleted tissues. Brimhana measures, including milk, ghee, Shali, Godhuma, Masha, and other nourishing substances, can therefore be selected according to the individual's Dosha, Agni, and degree of depletion. Rasayana may further support restoration and maintenance of functional vitality. PanchaMahabhuta provides a conceptual framework for individualising the Ayurvedic management of Karshya. Integration of appropriate Ahara, Vihara and Chikitsa (like Brimhana and Rasayana) may be considered according to the underlying pattern of depletion rather than using a uniform nutritional approach.