Injectable Zwitterionic Hydrogels Formed through Dynamic Boroxole–Carbohydrate Crosslinking for Protein Encapsulation

Abstract We developed an injectable zwitterionic hydrogel from 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine-based copolymers bearing lactobionamide or benzoxaborole units through reversible boroxole–carbohydrate crosslinking. The hydrogel exhibited frequency-dependent viscoelasticity and could be readily extruded through a syringe needle. Encapsulated alkaline phosphatase in the hydrogel retained approximately 95% of its activity after syringe extrusion and subsequent recovery, demonstrating the potential of the dynamic hydrogel as a reversible matrix for protein encapsulation and processing.