Innovation Ambidexterity, Regulatory Pressure, and Resource Orchestration Capability as Explanatory Factors of Organizational Agility: Evidence from Indonesian Hospitals

Background Organizational agility is important for hospitals operating under regulatory demands, service complexity, and changing environmental conditions. This study examined the associations of innovation ambidexterity, regulatory pressure, and resource orchestration capability with organizational agility in the Indonesian hospital context represented by the sample. Methods A cross-sectional organizational survey was analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) in SmartPLS 4. The article uses an interim dataset of 81 key-informant responses available during the broader dissertation data collection. Measurement quality, collinearity, bootstrapped structural relationships, effect sizes, and full-versus-reduced measurement-model robustness were evaluated. Results In the final 29-indicator model, innovation ambidexterity showed the largest positive standardized association with organizational agility (β = 0.438, p < 0.001), followed by resource orchestration capability (β = 0.366, p = 0.004) and regulatory pressure (β = 0.218, p = 0.005). The three constructs jointly explained 80.7% of the variance in organizational agility (R 2 = 0.807). A 44-indicator full-model comparison preserved the positive direction, statistical significance, and ordering of all three relationships. Conclusions Within this purposively sampled Indonesian hospital context, organizational agility is positively associated with both internal strategic/managerial capabilities and regulatory pressure. Because the study is cross-sectional and single-source, the results are interpreted as explanatory associations rather than causal effects, and generalization beyond comparable hospital settings should be made cautiously.