Unbounded Least Repelling Periods in Degree Four

We construct degree-four rational maps of positive equilibrium Lyapunov exponent whose least classical repelling period is arbitrarily large. For every N ≥ 2, the map F_N(z) = z² − t^{2^{N−1}}z + t^{4·2^{N−1}+4}/z² has repelling cycles of exactly the periods n ≥ N. All its shortest cycles are defined over C((t)); over each fixed Q_p, p ≥ 5, it has rational shortest cycles. This disproves the proposed degree-dependent period bound in residue characteristic zero. We prove an exact threshold formula on a four-parameter valuation region. On each fixed-valuation affinoid domain, the shortest-cycle cover is an explicit connected Kummer cover whose algebra is generated by the multiplier. We determine the unramified point fields in the displayed examples and obtain complex meromorphic families with arbitrarily delayed simple multiplier poles, without a parameter base change.

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Publication Details

Journal
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Published
2026-10-17
DOI
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23437623
Primary Topic
Mathematical Dynamics and Fractals
Type
preprint
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preprint

Unbounded Least Repelling Periods in Degree Four

Zihuan Xu
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Mathematical Dynamics and Fractals
preprint

Unbounded Least Repelling Periods in Degree Four

Zihuan Xu
preprint en

Abstract

We construct degree-four rational maps of positive equilibrium Lyapunov exponent whose least classical repelling period is arbitrarily large. For every N ≥ 2, the map F_N(z) = z² − t^{2^{N−1}}z + t^{4·2^{N−1}+4}/z² has repelling cycles of exactly the periods n ≥ N. All its shortest cycles are defined over C((t)); over each fixed Q_p, p ≥ 5, it has rational shortest cycles. This disproves the proposed degree-dependent period bound in residue characteristic zero. We prove an exact threshold formula on a four-parameter valuation region. On each fixed-valuation affinoid domain, the shortest-cycle cover is an explicit connected Kummer cover whose algebra is generated by the multiplier. We determine the unramified point fields in the displayed examples and obtain complex meromorphic families with arbitrarily delayed simple multiplier poles, without a parameter base change.

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Capital Normal University (CN)
Mathematical Dynamics and Fractals
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