GRAMMATICAL TRANSFORMATIONS IN TRANSLATION: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF ENGLISH AND UZBEK

Grammatical transformations are an essential part of translation because languages often express the same meaning through different grammatical structures. This article examines the use of grammatical transformations in English–Uzbek translation, focusing on word order, articles, tense and aspect, voice, and sentence structure. Using a comparative and descriptive approach, it explains how differences between English and Uzbek influence translators’ choices. Illustrative examples demonstrate how changes in grammatical form can preserve meaning and make translations more natural for Uzbek readers. The discussion also considers common problems, including literal translation, unnecessary additions, and the loss of emphasis or temporal meaning. The article concludes that effective grammatical transformation requires a strong understanding of both languages, attention to context, and careful revision of the target text.