Heat dissipation performance analysis of a novel bionic gradient air-cooled fin based on radial groove shape for high-speed on-off valve

The high-speed on-off valve (HSV) is a core component of digital hydraulic systems (DHS). Continuous high-voltage excitation causes a significant increase in coil temperature (up to 353.15 K), reducing system performance and reliability. This paper examines the impact of fin shapes, bionic parameters, and gradient configurations on heat dissipation performance and proposes a novel bionic gradient air-cooled fin based on radial groove shape. The research results show that, compared with rectangular, wavy, and groove fins, the radial groove fin is the better air-cooled fin shape, as it has a larger heat transfer area and no obvious low-velocity dead zone, resulting in the lowest coil temperature. Different adjacent and fork angles alter the channel structure, resulting in different air flow and heat transfer effects, and BGF3-3 with an adjacent angle of 6° and fork angle of 48° has the better heat dissipation performance at 20 type fin bionic parameters. The third-level fork fin at the entrance forms a constrained channel, expanding the high-velocity area. The first-level fork fin at the exportation avoids low-velocity dead zones by expanding the airflow area. The overall channel guides the airflow towards the fin root, achieving an internal washing effect to cool the coil. Compared with different fin shapes, bionic parameters, and gradient configurations, BGF3-3-2 has the relatively optimal heat dissipation performance. At an air-cooled velocity of 5 m/s and coil rated power of 24.2 W, the thermal resistance is 0.42 K/W, the coil temperature is 311.8 K, and the heat transfer coefficient is 48.4 W/m 2 ·K.