Efektivitas Edukasi Diabetes terhadap Kemampuan Self-Management pada Pasien Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2: Literature Review

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that requires continuous healthcare management. Self-management skills are essential for patients to control blood glucose levels, maintain a healthy diet, engage in regular physical activity, adhere to prescribed medication, and perform proper self-care. This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of diabetes education in helping patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus manage their condition independently. This study used a literature review approach by examining primary research articles published between 2021 and 2026. The literature search was conducted through the PubMed, Google Scholar, and Garuda databases using keywords such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, diabetes education, Diabetes Self-Management Education (DSME), self-management, and self-care. Article selection was based on predetermined criteria using the PICO framework and followed the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. A total of ten research articles were analyzed descriptively. The review findings showed that diabetes education through DSME programs, audiovisual media, digital educational videos, and structured nurse-led education helped improve patients’ self-management skills, self-care behaviors, and self-efficacy. Several studies also reported improvements in glycemic control, including reductions in HbA1c levels. Therefore, diabetes education is an effective strategy to help patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus manage their condition more effectively. Educational interventions should be tailored to patients’ needs to support optimal and effective disease management.