A partial generalization of Hantzsche's theorem and a correction
This note corrects an error in the proof of Proposition 13 in [1] and simultaneously establishes a more general result. We prove that if M is a compact connected oriented 4-manifold with connected boundary ∂ M , and if an unbounded number of disjoint copies of M embed topologically and locally flatly in the interior of a compact 4-manifold N , then T o r 𝐻 1 ( ∂ 𝑀 ; ℤ ) is a direct double, i.e., T o r 𝐻 1 ( ∂ 𝑀 ; ℤ ) ≅ 𝐴 ⊕ 𝐴 , with the linking pairing vanishing identically on the first summand, i.e., the linking pairing is split metabolic. This partially generalizes Hantzsche's theorem stating that the linking pairing for a closed 3-manifold that embeds in 𝑆 4 is hyperbolic.
Authors
- Michael Hartley Freedman (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8664-3485)
- Henry Shin
- Yongjia Zhang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1094-6583)
- Bennett Chow (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4850-7989)
Institutions
- Harvard University (US)
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University (CN)
- Harvard University Press (US)
- University of California San Diego (US)
- Vince Lombardi Cancer Clinic (US)
- Lombardia Informatica (Italy) (IT)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Advances in Mathematics
- Published
- 2026-10-16
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aim.2026.111338
- Primary Topic
- Geometric and Algebraic Topology
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00
Funders
- National Natural Science Foundation of China