Managing post-operative bleeding: A refresher for the GDP

Post-operative bleeding is a known risk of dental extraction, with varied incidence. Bleeding is a normal response to trauma and may continue for up to 24 hours. Reactionary haemorrhage can also occur in the 2-3 hours post extraction. Normal haemostasis comprises three main components - local measures (e.g. vasoconstriction), primary haemostasis (formation of platelet plug) and secondary haemostasis (coagulation cascade). Several systemic factors can affect haemostasis, along with medication-induced changes. Guidance is available around management of medications, and these should be considered. This article outlines the common bleeding disorders, and the management strategies that can be adopted in primary care.