Differentiating Islamic values and their associations with Muslim community participation and rural community development

This study examines how ukhuwah (brotherhood), amanah (trust and responsibility), and broader Islamic values influence Muslim community participation and rural community development in Indonesia. Using survey data from 693 Muslim middle-class respondents in rural areas of West Java, Central Java, and Yogyakarta, the study applies Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The results show that Islamic values strongly influence Muslim community participation (β = 0.662, p < 0.001), while amanah has a small but significant effect (β = 0.074, p = 0.022). Ukhuwah has no significant effect (β = 0.037, p = 0.262). Muslim community participation strongly predicts community development (β = 0.729, p < 0.001) and mediates the effects of Islamic values and amanah on community development, but not that of ukhuwah . The model explains 53.2% of the variance in both participation and community development. The findings indicate that Islamic values do not function uniformly as drivers of rural development; their contribution depends on their translation into active community participation. The study extends faith-based social capital research by distinguishing the different roles of Islamic value dimensions in participatory rural development.