Evaluation of Urban Rail Transit TOD Based on the Node-Place-Service Model

Existing methods for evaluating TOD mainly focus on the coordination and TOD performance of stations, while neglecting service competition and spatial interactions among stations. This article introduces the dimension of service efficiency for extending the traditional two-dimensional Node-Place (NP) model to the three-dimensional (3D) model of Node-Place-Service (NPS). A total of 236 stations of the Nanjing Metro network are taken as research objects, and an 800 m service radius is defined for dividing the station domain. An extended three-dimensional (3D) evaluation indicator system is also reconstructed, including agglomeration of passenger flow, traffic accessibility, and facility supply. The methods of combined weighting, k-means clustering, and weighted Voronoi diagram are combined for analyzing the TOD types, TOD performance, and station influence and comprehensively assessing the TOD level of stations of the rail network. The results show that (1) The TOD types of stations are categorized as five types, which are high-service core type, service-quality center type, medium-value balanced service type, low-value service enhancement type, and lagging service cultivation type; (2) The dimension indicators and TOD performance of stations gradually decrease along the core transfer nodes of each district towards the surrounding areas, presenting a concentric spatial pattern characterized by central agglomeration and peripheral dispersion; (3) The types of station influence are classified as five types, which are absolute advantage influence, relative advantage influence, balanced advantage influence, relative disadvantage influence, and absolute disadvantage influence; meanwhile, the spatial distribution characteristics of TOD types and TOD performance of the stations are similar, and there is obvious spatial differentiation. The results of spatial correlation analysis indicate that there is a general spatial correlation between the TOD type and spatial influence, and the TOD performance of rail network stations is closely related to the level of urban planning and construction. This article can provide reference for planners to tailor measures to local conditions and implement precise policies for promoting the deep integration and high-quality development of rail transit and cities.