An accessible pregnancy test for blind and low-vision users

PURPOSE: Conventional pregnancy self-tests rely on the visual interpretation of test results, creating barriers to the independent use, privacy and confidence for blind and low-vision (BLV) users. This study reports the concept development and preliminary acceptability evaluation of an accessible pregnancy-test, through a five-phase user-centred design process. METHODS: Phase 1 applied semi-structured interviews with ten BLV participants to identify the use barriers, needs and feedback preferences. Phase 2 translated these findings into a Product Design Specification. Phase 3 developed a concept combining tactile result feedback, a structured interaction flow and a sliding mechanism separating the sample-application area from the result-reading area. Phase 4 produced a 3D-printed prototype with manually operable mechanical features for tactile exploration, but without electronic sensing and diagnostic functionality. Phase 5 used the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM)-informed semi-structured interviews to examine the perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use and behavioural intention to use. RESULTS: The participants prioritised clear results, simple operation and privacy and generally preferred Braille and raised tactile markers over vibration and voice. The preliminary evaluation indicated positive perceptions of usefulness, ease of use and willingness to use the concept. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that accessible pregnancy testing must prioritise not only non-visual result reading but also privacy, dignity, reproductive autonomy and independent health management. These results represent the preliminary evidence of acceptability rather than a conclusive test of device effectiveness and further functional, technical and clinical validation in the real-world conditions is required to fully understand the benefits of the new concept.