View-Conditional Representation Concentration in AI-Generated Anime Character Images: A Multi-Encoder Study of Civitai

Assessments of visual homogenization in generative AI image communities may depend on the image view, visual encoder, and preprocessing procedure. This study develops a view-conditional representation concentration (VCRC) framework and applies it to a frozen Civitai collection comprising 1099 full images and 1096 face-cropped views. DINOv2 embeddings were evaluated using the Vendi ratio, mean pairwise cosine similarity, and average 10-nearest-neighbor similarity, with regional, resolution, and padding sensitivity analyses. Face-cropped views showed a lower Vendi ratio than full images (0.019120 vs. 0.024360) and higher mean pairwise similarity (0.490709 vs. 0.438244). The DINOv2 concentration effect remained positive in the 1088-image audited paired sample under the tested padding and resolution controls and in a 176-image subset whose crops met the primary-face coverage criterion under two independent annotations. In the full audited sample, OpenCLIP and ConvNeXt showed the same effect direction, whereas MAE showed the opposite direction; the magnitude of the MAE contrast was strongly affected by padding. In a separate 205-image annotation audit, the crop contained at least 90% of the primary face in 86.3–87.8% of images, depending on the annotator. Platform tags were not verified against generation prompts, and a matched hand-drawn baseline was unavailable. VCRC therefore provides a reproducible, encoder-aware framework for characterizing view-dependent representation concentration and testing its sensitivity to image processing. Future work should assess its transfer across platforms, generative models, and matched non-generated image collections.

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Publication Details

Journal
Applied Sciences
Published
2026-10-16
DOI
https://doi.org/10.3390/app162010279
Primary Topic
Generative Adversarial Networks and Image Synthesis
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
0.00

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article

View-Conditional Representation Concentration in AI-Generated Anime Character Images: A Multi-Encoder Study of Civitai

Kaida Chen, Zhihao Yu, Shunhe Chen, Jiaxin Liao et al.
Applied Sciences
Generative Adversarial Networks and Image Synthesis
article

View-Conditional Representation Concentration in AI-Generated Anime Character Images: A Multi-Encoder Study of Civitai

Kaida Chen, Zhihao Yu, Shunhe Chen, Jiaxin Liao, Zihan Zhu, Jue Wang, Sihui Chen
article en

Abstract

Assessments of visual homogenization in generative AI image communities may depend on the image view, visual encoder, and preprocessing procedure. This study develops a view-conditional representation concentration (VCRC) framework and applies it to a frozen Civitai collection comprising 1099 full images and 1096 face-cropped views. DINOv2 embeddings were evaluated using the Vendi ratio, mean pairwise cosine similarity, and average 10-nearest-neighbor similarity, with regional, resolution, and padding sensitivity analyses. Face-cropped views showed a lower Vendi ratio than full images (0.019120 vs. 0.024360) and higher mean pairwise similarity (0.490709 vs. 0.438244). The DINOv2 concentration effect remained positive in the 1088-image audited paired sample under the tested padding and resolution controls and in a 176-image subset whose crops met the primary-face coverage criterion under two independent annotations. In the full audited sample, OpenCLIP and ConvNeXt showed the same effect direction, whereas MAE showed the opposite direction; the magnitude of the MAE contrast was strongly affected by padding. In a separate 205-image annotation audit, the crop contained at least 90% of the primary face in 86.3–87.8% of images, depending on the annotator. Platform tags were not verified against generation prompts, and a matched hand-drawn baseline was unavailable. VCRC therefore provides a reproducible, encoder-aware framework for characterizing view-dependent representation concentration and testing its sensitivity to image processing. Future work should assess its transfer across platforms, generative models, and matched non-generated image collections.

Applied SciencesVol. 16(20)
Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (CN)
Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China
Openalex Percentile: Top 16%
Generative Adversarial Networks and Image Synthesis
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