Genetic diversity and fruit biometry variability of fruits of Acrocomia spp. interspecific hybrids

Abstract The macaw palm ( Acrocomia spp.) stands out as a promising species for the sustainable production of vegetable oil due to its wide adaptability and potential use in multiple production chains. This study evaluated 11 genotypes, including parental genotypes and F₁ hybrids, for fruit biometric traits and mesocarp oil content, aiming to identify individuals with greater potential for genetic improvement programs. Analyses were carried out in plant material belonging to the Active Germplasm Bank of Macaw palm of the Federal University of Viçosa. The variables were subjected to analyses of variance, phenotypic correlation, and genetic diversity based on Mahalanobis generalized distance and the Tocher and UPGMA clustering methods. A broad phenotypic and genetic variability was observed among genotypes. Individual A4 exhibited larger fruits with higher mass and a greater pulp yield index, whereas the parent 47 − 1 showed the highest mesocarp oil content (55.31%). High heritability estimates (h² > 50%) and genetic accuracies confirmed the predominance of genetic over environmental effects. The clustering methods revealed three major genetic groups, reflecting the existing intra- and interspecific diversity. The results indicate a high potential for selection gains and reinforce the importance of biometric characterization of fruits and characterization of oil content to identify superior macaw palm genotypes aimed at expanding cultivation and promoting sustainable agro-industrial utilization.