Global research trends in subcentimeter and subsolid pulmonary nodules associated with early-stage lung cancer: a bibliometric analysis (2000–2024)

Abstract Objectives The widespread use of low-dose computed tomography has markedly increased the detection of subcentimeter and subsolid pulmonary nodules, many of which are closely associated with early-stage lung cancer. This study aimed to map global research trends, collaboration networks, and thematic evolution at the intersection of subcentimeter/subsolid pulmonary nodules and early-stage lung cancer from 2000 to 2024. Methods: The Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) was searched on 31 December 2024 for original research articles and reviews published between 1 January 2000 and 31 December 2024. Of the 2,854 records initially retrieved, 1,992 publications met the eligibility criteria and were included. Analyses were performed in Python (version 3.12) using the igraph library, including collaboration-network analysis, co-citation analysis, keyword co-occurrence clustering based on the Louvain algorithm, thematic evolution analysis, strategic diagram analysis, and historiographic citation-trajectory analysis. Results: Annual publication output grew slowly during 2000–2010 and entered an exponential growth phase after 2011. China, Japan, and the United States were the most productive countries, and China and the United States formed the closest bilateral collaboration. Co-citation analysis identified three knowledge pillars: large-scale lung cancer screening trials, international nodule-management guidelines, and modern pathological classification of lung adenocarcinoma. Keyword clustering revealed three principal thematic clusters: (1) screening, imaging-based diagnosis, and nodule management; (2) ground-glass opacity spectrum and surgical treatment; and (3) tumor histologic classification. Thematic evolution showed a progression from morphological description toward refined classification, risk stratification, and individualized management. Conclusions: The observed research trends indicate that this field is transitioning from morphological description toward precision-oriented diagnosis and individualized management, with growing attention to artificial intelligence-assisted diagnostic tools, sublobar surgical strategies, and active surveillance of ground-glass nodules. These findings should be interpreted within the thematic scope of subcentimeter and subsolid nodules associated with early-stage lung cancer rather than the entire field of pulmonary nodule research.