Managing environmental challenges in unauthorised camping tours: perspectives from tour guides

Purpose This research aims to explore the environmental and managerial challenges associated with unauthorised camping tours in Iran and examine how tour guides manage tourists' environmentally harmful behaviour. Design/methodology/approach The study employs a qualitative methodology through semi-structured interviews with 25 Iranian tour guides. Content analysis was employed to analyse the data. Findings This study found that unauthorised camping tours in natural areas contribute to environmental degradation. However, tour guides use different strategies, such as storytelling and modelling responsible behaviour, to prevent environmental damage. Practical implications The number of designated camping sites needs to increase, and authorities should provide clear regulations for camping areas, improve camping infrastructure and monitor natural reserves. Moreover, training certified tour guides with a tourism background and a passion for the environment can be beneficial. Originality/value Studies on unauthorised camping tours have received proportionately limited attention in the literature. This study provides an in-depth understanding of tour guides' experiences with environmental challenges and unsustainable tourist behaviours in Iran. It also provides novel insights into the practical strategies they use to mitigate environmental impacts during these tours.