An All‐Fabric Wearable System for Human‐Machine Interaction

ABSTRACT Wearable human–machine interfaces (HMIs) are at the forefront of next‐generation intelligent systems, demanding interfaces that are not only accurate and responsive, but also ergonomic, stretchable, and seamlessly integrated into daily life. In this work, we present a novel HMI system enabled by a glove and garment, based on fully textile, matrix‐free capacitive strain sensors (CSSs). Our sensor is fabricated via a single‐step, sewing‐machine‐compatible double‐twisted knitting process of silver‐coated knitted textile electrodes and a nylon/elastane textile dielectric, eliminating the need for post‐processing, polymer encapsulation, or rigid substrates. The resulting all‐fabric CSS demonstrates a high gauge factor of 2.03 over a broad strain range (0–72%), with excellent linearity (R 2 = 0.982), hysteresis (7.80%), and minimal signal creep. The textile‐based architecture preserves garment‐level wearability, with the nylon/elastane dielectric exhibiting a porosity of ∼66%, while the silver‐coated textile electrode (∼77% porosity) maintains a low and stable resistance (∼4.4 Ω) under 0–60% strain. Integrated into a wearable glove, the proposed system enables detection of 10 distinct hand gestures with recognition accuracy of 90.5%. This work marks a significant advancement toward fully textile‐integrated, breathable, comfortable, stretchable, and high‐performance HMI solutions, with broad implications for virtual environments, assistive technologies, and next‐generation wearable robotics.