Bulky Molecules Tailor Solvent Packing Fraction of Electrolytes for High‐Voltage Sodium‐Ion Battery

ABSTRACT High‐voltage sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) suffer from rapid degradation caused by electrolyte oxidation and interfacial parasitic reactions, which are strongly influenced by the local solvation environment near the electrode surface. However, conventional electrolyte design focuses on tuning Na + –solvent interactions while overlooking solvent packing within the solvation shell. Herein, we reveal that a bulky molecular solvent mediates restricted solvent packing around Na + , with its reduced packing efficiency quantitatively described by the fractal dimension ( D f ). The enlarged molecular volume creates a more open solvation environment, facilitating anion participation and promoting ion clusters dominated by contact ion pairs (CIPs) and small aggregates (SAGGs). The resulting inorganic‐rich interphase suppresses electrolyte oxidation and interfacial parasitic reactions, enabling stable high‐voltage operation. Sodium iron sulfate (NFS) paired with the bulky‐solvent electrolyte retains 80% capacity over 1407 cycles at 1 C. An Ah‐level HC||NFS pouch cell retains 81.53% capacity after 500 cycles. A practical pouch cell further achieves 115.05 Wh kg −1 and retains 80.87% of its capacity after 150 cycles. This work demonstrates that restricted solvent packing can modulate ion association and interfacial chemistry, providing a molecular design consideration for high‐energy SIBs.

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Publication Details

Journal
Advanced Functional Materials
Published
2026-10-15
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.79119
Primary Topic
Advancements in Battery Materials
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
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article

Bulky Molecules Tailor Solvent Packing Fraction of Electrolytes for High‐Voltage Sodium‐Ion Battery

Anqi Zhang, Shilong Dong, Zhenhua Yan, Mao Guo et al.
Advanced Functional Materials
Advancements in Battery Materials
article

Bulky Molecules Tailor Solvent Packing Fraction of Electrolytes for High‐Voltage Sodium‐Ion Battery

Anqi Zhang, Shilong Dong, Zhenhua Yan, Mao Guo, Yuewei Cui, Kai Zhang, Qiang Liu, Youxuan Ni, Jiahao Wang, Shuang Wu, Bingkun Wu
article en

Abstract

ABSTRACT High‐voltage sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) suffer from rapid degradation caused by electrolyte oxidation and interfacial parasitic reactions, which are strongly influenced by the local solvation environment near the electrode surface. However, conventional electrolyte design focuses on tuning Na + –solvent interactions while overlooking solvent packing within the solvation shell. Herein, we reveal that a bulky molecular solvent mediates restricted solvent packing around Na + , with its reduced packing efficiency quantitatively described by the fractal dimension ( D f ). The enlarged molecular volume creates a more open solvation environment, facilitating anion participation and promoting ion clusters dominated by contact ion pairs (CIPs) and small aggregates (SAGGs). The resulting inorganic‐rich interphase suppresses electrolyte oxidation and interfacial parasitic reactions, enabling stable high‐voltage operation. Sodium iron sulfate (NFS) paired with the bulky‐solvent electrolyte retains 80% capacity over 1407 cycles at 1 C. An Ah‐level HC||NFS pouch cell retains 81.53% capacity after 500 cycles. A practical pouch cell further achieves 115.05 Wh kg −1 and retains 80.87% of its capacity after 150 cycles. This work demonstrates that restricted solvent packing can modulate ion association and interfacial chemistry, providing a molecular design consideration for high‐energy SIBs.

Advanced Functional Materials
Nankai University (CN)
Openalex Percentile: Top 23%
Advancements in Battery Materials
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